Chapter 8 Section 1 Vocab, Summary, and Concept Check

Vocabulary

Chloroplast: organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place
Chlorophyll: pigment that gives a chloroplast its green color; uses light energy to split water molecules during photosynthesis

Stroma: thick fluid contained in the inner membrane of a chloroplast

Thylakoid: disk-shaped sac in the stroma of a chloroplast; site of the light reactions of photosynthesis

Light reactions: chemical reactions that convert the sun's energy to chemical energy; take place in the membranes of thylakoids in the chloroplast

Calvin cycle: cycle in plants that makes sugar from carbon dioxide, H+ ions, and high-energy electrons carried by NADPH

Summary

-when you observe a plant, all the green parts you can see contain cells with chloroplasts and can carry out photosynthesis

-leaves contain the most chloroplasts and are the major sites of photosynthesis

-tiny pores called stomata

-thylakoids are arranged in stacks called grana

-the "fall" of electrons from glucose to oxygen releases energy, which is then used to make ATP

-the opposite occurs in photosynthesis

-electrons from water are boosted "uphill" by the energy from sunlight

-photosynthesis occurs in two main stages, each with many steps: the light reactions and the Calvin cycle

-The chloroplasts also use the captured light energy to generate ATP

-Calvin cycle is sometimes referred to as the "light-independent reactions" because, unlike the light reactions, it does not directly require light to begin

-The Calvin cycle requires two inputs supplied by the light reactions, ATP and NADPH

Concept Check 8.1

1. Draw and label a simple diagram of a chloroplast that includes the following structures: outer and inner membranes, stroma, thylakoids.

2. What are the reactants for photosynthesis? What are the products?

The reactants for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water. The products are glucose and oxygen.

3. Name the two main stages of photosynthesis. How are the two stages related?

The two main stages of photosynthesis are the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. These two stages are realated because after the light reactions process, the Clavin cycle isgoing to do the work of photosynthesis. Plus, these two stages collaborate together to produce glucose and oxygen.